References

Applicable references appear as a superscript within the individual monographs.

References commonly used in monographs

  1. Australian Medicines Handbook. Children's Dosing Companion (AMH-CDC). Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd, Adelaide, SA; 2023.
  2. 2a ASHP Injectable Drug Information 2021 ed. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2021.  2b  Monograph in IV index. Trissel's 2 Clinical Pharmaceutics Database (Parenteral compatibility). Greenwood Village, Colorado: Thomson Reuters (Healthcare). 2022.
  3. Phelps SJ, Hagemann TM, Lee KR and Thompson AJ. Paediatric Injectable Drugs. The Teddy Bear Book. 11th. ed. Bethesda, Maryland: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2018.
  4. Product Information. Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG).Therapeutic Goods Administration. Australian government.   4a:Product information or summaries of product characteristics from other countries medication regularity agencies: 4bHealth Canada, 4cMedicines and Healthcare products regulatory agency (MHRA), 4dNew Zealand Medsafe, 4eUK Electronic Medicines Compendium), 4fUS Food and Drug administration, 4gUS National Library of Medicine.
  5. Meds4Kids Dosing Guide. Database available on SCHN intranet.   
  6. NHS Lothian Medicines Information Service. The UK Medicines Guide. Adopted for use in NHS Lothian. July 2013.  
  7. Australian Medicines Handbook. (AMH). Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd, Adelaide, SA; 2023.
  8. Micromedex® Healthcare Series [Internet database via CIAP NSW]. Greenwood Village, Colorado: Thomson Reuters (Healthcare) Inc. Updated periodically.
  9. Sydney Children's Hospital Network (SCHN). Policies and procedures, drug protocols and guidelines. Updated periodically.  
  10. Palliative Care Expert Group. Therapeutic guidelines: palliative care. Version 3. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd; 2010.
  11. Barr P. The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Newborn Intensive care. A Handbook for Staff. 4th Ed.
  12. Young E, Mangum B. Neofax 24th ed: Thomas Reuters; 2011.
  13. Society of Hospital Pharmacists Australia (SHPA). Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 9th ed. Collingwood, Australia.2023.
  14. Catania PN, editor. King Guide to Parenteral Admixtures. online version ed. Napa, California: King Guide Publication Inc.; on-line 2022.
  15. Kilham H, Isaacs D. The Children's Hospital at Westmead Handbook. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Paediatrics. 2009.
  16. Pharmaceutical industry correspondence.
  17. AHFS Drug Information Essentials. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 2022.
  18. Antibiotic Expert Group. Therapeutic guidelines: Antibiotic. In: eTG complete [internet]. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd; June 2019.
  19. Toxicology and Toxinology In: eTG complete [digital] Melbourne Therapeutic Guidelines: Ltd. 2020.
  20. Neonatal Formulary. Drugs Use in pregnancy and the 1st year of life. 7th ed: Blackwell Publishing BMJ books; 2015.
  21. Sweetman SC, editor. Martindale the extra pharmacopoeia. 36th ed. London, UK.: The Pharmaceutical Press; 2009.
  22. Paediatric Formulary Committee. BNF for Children. Basingstoke, UK: Pharmaceutical Press; 2021- 2022.
  23. Takemoto CK, Hodding J, Krause DM. Pediatric and Neonatal Dosage Handbook. 28th ed. Hudson, Ohio: American Pharmacists Association: Lexi-comp; 2021 / UpToDate 2022.
  24. Paediatric Formulary and Injectable Medicines Guide (Paediatric Medusa) Guy's and St.Thomas', King's College and University Lewisham Hospitals, available online as Evelina London Paediatric Formulary External Resource.
  25. Forsyth R, & Newton R (Eds.). (2012). Oxford Specialist Handbooks in Paediatrics. Paediatric Neurology (Second ed.). Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press
  26. Cardiovascular Expert Groups. Therapeutic Guidelines: Cardiovascular. Version 6.  Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited; 2012. Available via Clinical Information Access Portal (CIAP). eTG Complete. http://etg.hcn.com.au/desktop/index.htm?acc=36422 External Resource.
  27. Pharmacy Department. University College London Hospitals. Injectable Medicines Administration Guide. 3rd edition. Wiley-Blackwell. 2010.
  28. Gray A, Wright J, Goodey V, Bruce L. Injectable Drugs Guide. 1 Lambeth High Street, London SE1 7JN, UK: Pharmaceutical Press 2011. On-line version accessed via Medicines Complete.
  29. Psychotropic Expert Group. Therapeutic guidelines: psychotropic. Version 7. Melbourne Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. 2013
  30. Australasian Neonatal Medicines Formulary (ANMF).  Neonatal Medicines Formulary Consensus Group. Medicine Monograph. https://www.anmfonline.org/clinical-resources/
  31. Expert Group for Gastrointestinal. Therapeutic guidelines: gastrointestinal. Version 6. Melbourne Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. 2016.
  32. OneCall Medical Information Service. Y-Site compatibility of intravenous drugs with Plasmalyte 148. Toongabbie, NSW: Baxter; 2015.
  33. Dawson, R., Wignell, A., Cooling, P., Barrett, D., Vyas, H., Davies, P., & Veyckemans, F. (2019). Physico-chemical stability of Plasma-Lyte 148[R] and Plasma-Lyte 148[R] + 5% Glucose with eight common intravenous medications. Pediatric Anesthesia, 29(2), 186–192. https://doi.org/10.1111/pan.13554
  34. McEvoy GK editor. Handbook on injectable drugs.20th ed. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2018.
  35. Patsalos, Philip N., and Erik K. St. Louis. The Epilepsy Prescriber’s Guide to Antiepileptic Drugs. Third edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
  36. Expert Group for "Other". Therapeutic guidelines: Other. Amended June 2019. © Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd (eTG March 2020 edition).
  37. Hain, R., & Jassal, S. (2016-09). Formulary. In Paediatric Palliative Medicine (Oxford Specialist Handbooks in Paediatrics). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  38.  The Association of Paediatric Palliative Medicine Master Formulary (APPM Master Formulary), 5th edition, 2020. Available at https://www.appm.org.uk/guidelines-resources/appm-master-formulary/
  39. SickKids the Hospital for Children. Drug Handbook and Formulary. Lau E, editor: Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information; 2017.
  40. Murray L, Little M, Pascu O, Hoggett K. Toxicology handbook 3rd ed. Chatswood, NSW: Elsevier; 2015.
  41. Dickman, A., & Schneider, J. (2016-09). The Syringe Driver: Continuous subcutaneous infusions in palliative care. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  42. The British National Formulary for inherited metabolic disease (IMDS) National Formulary for Inherited Metabolic Diseases (IMDs) 2nd Edition - October 2020. Available at: https://bimdg.org.uk/site/formularies.asp.

#References for general PIMH content

Hospital in the Home (HITH) and Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT)

  1. Caplan GA, Sulaiman NS, Mangin DA, Aimonino Ricauda N, Wilson AD, Barclay L. A meta-analysis of "hospital in the home". Med J Aust. 2012;197(9):512-9.
  2. Patel S, Abrahamson E, Goldring S, Green H, Wickens H, Laundy M. Good practice recommendations for paediatric outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (p-OPAT) in the UK: a consensus statement. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015;70(2):360-73.
  3. Zhang Y, Trissel LA, Martinez JF, Gilbert DL. Stability of acyclovir sodium 1, 7, and 10 mg/mL in 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection. American journal of health-system pharmacy: AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 1998;55(6):574-7.
  4. M. Kang and J. Kang, "Stability Test of Ampicillin Sodium Solutions in the Accufuser® Elastomeric Infusion Device Using HPLC: UV Method," Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Vol. 3 No. 4, 2012, pp. 462-467. doi: 10.4236/pp.2012.34063.
  5. Cheam DB, Selby PR, Jones TE, Mellor CS. Ceftazidime stability and pyridine toxicity during continuous i.v. infusion. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 2019;76(4):200-5.
  6. Raby E, Naicker S, Sime FB, Manning L, Wallis SC, Pandey S, et al. Ceftolozane-tazobactam in an elastomeric infusion device for ambulatory care: an in vitro stability study. European journal of hospital pharmacy : science and practice. 2020;27(e1):e84-e6.
  7. Al Madfai F, Zaidi STR, Ming LC, Wanandy T, Patel RP. Physical and chemical stability of ceftaroline in an elastomeric infusion device. European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 2018.
  8. Manning L, Wright C, Ingram PR, Whitmore TJ, Heath CH, Manson I, et al. Continuous infusions of meropenem in ambulatory care: clinical efficacy, safety and stability. PLoS One. 2014;9(7):e102023.

 

#References for individual monographs

Acetylcysteine

  1. Chiew AL, Fountain JS, Graudins A, Isbister GK, Reith D, Buckley NA. Summary statement: new guidelines for the management of paracetamol poisoning in Australia and New Zealand. The Medical journal of Australia. 2015;203:215-218

Alpha lipoic acid

  1. Evelina Patient Drug Protocol. Alpha lipoic acid (Thioctic acid). Lewis K et al. Version 1, August 2020

Alprostadil

  1. Standard concentrations of neonatal drug infusions. Horsham, PA: Institute for Safe Medication Practices. 20/11/2011. Available from www.ismp.org. Accessed 31 August 2020

Alteplase

  1. Burns-Gibson, S. et al. (2013). Occlusion Management Guideline for Central Venous Access Devices (CVADs). Journal of the Canadian Vascular Access Association. Vol 7 (1). Andrew John Publishing Inc.
  2. Blaney M., Shen V., Kerner J.A., et al Alteplase for the treatment of central venous catheter occlusion in children: Results of a prospective, open-label, single-arm study (The Cathflo Activase Pediatric Study). J. Vasc. Intervent. Radiol.. 2006;17(11 I):1745-1751. doi:10.1097/01.RVI.0000241542.71063.83
  3. Ng R., Li X., Tu T., Semba C.P. Alteplase for Treatment of Occluded Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: Safety and Efficacy in 240 Patients. J. Vasc. Intervent. Radiol.. 2004;15(1 I):45-49. doi:10.1097/01.RVI.000099538.29957.F7
  4. Amlie-Lefond C, deVeber G, Chan AK, Benedict S, Bernard T, Carpenter J, et al. Use of alteplase in childhood arterial ischaemic stroke: a multicentre, observational, cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8(6):530-6.

Amiodarone

  1. Gorski LA, et al. Infusion therapy standards of practice. Journal of Infusion Nursing. 2021 Jan-Feb; 44(suppl 1): S1-S224
  2. Norton L, et al Phlebitis in amiodarone administration: incidence, contributing factors, and clinical implications. American Journal of Critical Care. 2013; 22: 498-50.
  3. Oragano CA, et al Phlebitis in intravenous amiodarone administration: incidence and contributing Factors. Critical Care Nurse. 2019 Feb; 39(1): e1-e12.

Ampicillin

  1. Le J, Greenberg RG, Yoo Y, et al. Ampicillin dosing in premature infants for early-onset sepsis: exposure-driven efficacy, safety, and stewardship. J Perinatol. 2022;42(7):959-964. doi:10.1038/s41372-022-01344-2 [PubMed 35210541]

Atracurium

  1. ISMP Medication Safety Alert, Acute Care. Horsham, PA: Institute for Safe Medication Practices. 2016; 21: 12. Available from www.ismp.org. Accessed 01/02/2021.

Benzathine benzylpenicillin

  1. Gerber MA, Baltimore RS, Eaton CB, et al. Prevention of rheumatic fever and diagnosis and treatment of acute streptococcal pharyngitis: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, the Interdisciplinary Council on Functional Genomics and Translational Biology and the Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research: endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Circulation. 2009;119(11):1541-1551. [PubMed 19246689]
  2. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). In: Kimberlin DW, Barnett ED, Lynfield R, Sawyer MH, eds. Red Book: 2021-2024 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 32nd ed. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2021.
  3. Derya EY, Ukke K, Taner Y, Izzet AY. Applying manual pressure before benzathine penicillin injection for rheumatic fever prophylaxis reduces pain in children. Pain Manag Nurs. 2015;16(3):328-335. [PubMed 25487006]

Benrazilumab

  1. Monoclonal antibody therapy for severe asthma. National Asthma Council Australia. 2021. Available from www.nationalasthma.org.au. Accessed 24/07/2023.

Benzylpenicillin sodium

  1. Smith EK, McWhinney BC. Stability of buffered benzylpenicillin and flucloxacillin for a paediatric outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy service. J Pharm Pract Res 2021;51: 231-7.
  2. McDougall DAJ, McWinney BC. Stability of buffered benzylpenicillin solutions for outpatients parenteral antimicrobial therapy. J Pharm Prac Res 2014; 44: 26-28.

Benzathine Benzylpenicillin

  1. Benzylpenicillin benzathine 1.2 million IU powder and solvent for suspension for injection. Summary of product characteristics. Reigate, UK: Brancaster Pharma. Approved 24/07/2019. Updated 10/08/2021.  Available at : https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/11043/smpc

 

Brivaracetam, Labetalol, Phenobarbital (phenobarbitone), Valproate sodium

  1. Tommasino C, Picozzi V. Volume and electrolyte management. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2007; 21: 497-516.

Ceftriaxone

  1. Allen Jr LV, Stiles ML, Prince SJ, Smeeding J. Stability of 14 drugs in the latex reservoir of an elastomeric infusion device. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 1996; 15: 2740-3.
  2. Walker SE, Iazzetta J, Law S, Biniecki K. Stability of commonly used antibiotic solutions in an elastomeric infusion device. Can J Hosp Pharm 2010; 63: 212-24.
  3. Marsh K, Ahmed N, Decano A, Dubrovskaya Y, Shin-Pung J, Siegfried J, et al. Safety of intravenous push administration of beta-lactams within a healthcare system. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 2020; 77: 701-8.

Coagulation factors

  1. Srivastava A, Brewer AK, Mauser-Bunschoten EP, et al; Treatment Guidelines Working Group on Behalf of The World Federation Of Hemophilia. Guidelines for the management of hemophilia. Haemophilia. 2013;19(1):e1-e47. [PubMed 22776238]

Dantrolene

  1.  Malignant Hyperthermia Australia and New Zealand (MHANZ). Dantrolene reconstitution task card. Revised August 2018. Available from www.malignanthyperthermia.org.au. Accessed 06/01/2021.

Dexpanthenol

  1. Jordan, ZT (Ed). Chapter 7: Understanding Large Volume Parenterals in Aseptic Compounding Technique. ASHP - American Society of Health-System Pharmacist. 2018.

Diphenydramine

  1. Sabins D, Diep T, McCartan P et al. Stability and compatibility of diphenhydramine hydrochloride in intravenous admixtures: a new look at an old drug. Hosp Pharm. 2019; 54:330-334. [PubMed]

Dobutamine

1. De Barbieri I, Frigo AC, Zampieron A. Quick change versus double pump while changing the infusion of inotropes: An experimental study. Nursing in Critical Care. 2009; 14(4): 200-6.

Epoprostenol (Flolan)

  1. Mihara, K. et al. (2018) Investigation of safety and efficacy of the new more thermostable formulation of Flolan (epoprostenol) in Japanese patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)—An open-label, single-arm study. PLoS ONE. [Online] 13 (4), e0195195.

Epoprostenol (Veletri)

  1.  Lambert O, Bandilla D, Iyer R, Witchey-Lakshmanan L, Palepu N. Stability and microbiological properties of a new formulation of epoprostenol sodium when reconstituted and diluted. Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2012;6:61-70.
  2. Fuentes, L. et al. (2012) A new epoprostenol formulation for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 69 (16), 1389–1393.

Ertapenem

  1. Wiskirchen DE, Housman ST, Quintiliani R, Nicolau DP, Kuti JL. Comparative pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability of ertapenem 1 gram/day administered as a rapid 5-minute infusion versus the standard 30-minute infusion in healthy adult volunteers. Pharmacotherapy. 2013;33(3):266-74.

  2. Oon JEL, Salada B, Lim YS, Archuleta S, Fisher D. Safety and efficacy of a 5-minute infusion versus the standard 30-minute infusion for antibiotics in an outpatient setting. International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases. 2021;110:160-1.

Foscarnet

  1. Matthew M, Das Gupta V, Bethea C. Stability of foscarnet sodium in 5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride injections. J Clin Pharm Ther 1994; 19: 35-6.

Glucagon

  1. Hawkes, Lado, J. J., Givler, S., & De Leon, D. D. (2018). The Effect of Continuous Intravenous Glucagon on Glucose Requirements in Infants with Congenital Hyperinsulinism. JIMD Reports, Volume 45, 45, 45–50. 

Glucose

  1. Daly, Kayleen, and Elizabeth Farrington. “Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia in Infants and Children: Pathophysiology and Treatment.” Journal of Pediatric Health Care 27.6 (2013): 486–496. Web.

Ibuprofen

  1. Ibuprofen monograph. Version 1.1. Neonatal Medicines Formulary Consensus Group. Approval date 22/11/2016

Iron polymaltose

  1. National Blood Authority. Paediatric and Neonatl Iron Deficiency Anaemia guide. Guidance for Australian Health Providers. 2017. Available at:https://www.blood.gov.au/system/files/Corrected-Paed-and-Neonatal-IDA-Guide-dosing-for-iron-polymaltose.pdf. Accessed 29 September 2021.

Iron sucrose and ferric carboxymaltose

  1. Crowley CM, McMahon G, Desmond J, Imcha M. Skin staining following intravenous iron infusion. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:e229113doi:10.1136/bcr-2018-229113.
  2. Canning ML, Gilmore KA. Iron stain following an intravenous iron infusion. Med J Aust 2017; 207: 58.

Levocarnitine

  1. Negro P., Gossetti F., La Pinta M., Mariani P., Carboni M. The effect of L-carnitine, administered through intravenous infusion of glucose, on both glucose and insulin levels in healthy subjects. DRUGS EXP. CLIN. RES. 1994;20(6):257-262. 

Levetiracetam

  1. Brophy GM, Bell R, Claassen J, et al; Neurocritical Care Society Status Epilepticus Guideline Writing Committee. Guidelines for the evaluation and management of status epilepticus. Neurocrit Care. 2012;17(1):3-23. [PubMed 22528274]
  2. Dalziel, Stuart R et al. “Levetiracetam Versus Phenytoin for Second-Line Treatment of Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Children (ConSEPT): An Open-Label, Multicentre, Randomised Controlled Trial.” The Lancet 393.10186 (2019): 2135–2145. Web.
  3. Lyttle, M. D., Rainford, N. E. A., Gamble, C., Messahel, S., Humphreys, A., Hickey, H., . . . Hobden, G. (2019). Levetiracetam versus phenytoin for second-line treatment of paediatric convulsive status epilepticus (EcLiPSE): A multicentre, open-label, randomised trial. The Lancet, 393(10186), 2125-2134. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30724-X
  4. Tommasino C, Picozzi V. Volume and electrolyte management. Best Pract Res Clinical Anesthesiology. 2007; 21: 497-516.

Liothyronine

  1. Golombek, Sergio G. et al. “Stability of Thyroid Hormones During Continuous infusion.(Report).” Journal of Perinatal Medicine 39.4 (2011): 471–475. Web.
  2. Frenette, Anne Julie, et al. "Stability of levothyroxine injection in glass, polyvinyl chloride, and polyolefin containers." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, vol. 68, no. 18, 2011, p. 1723+. Gale Academic OneFile, https://link-gale-com.ezproxy1.library.usyd.edu.au/apps/doc/A272807722/AONE?u=usyd&sid=AONE&xid=62999332. Accessed 17 Feb. 2020
  3. Strong, D., Decarie, D., & Ensom, M. (2010). Stability of Levothyroxine in Sodium Chloride for IV Administration. The Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 63(6), 437–443. https://doi.org/10.4212/cjhp.v63i6.963

Magnesium sulfate

  1. Shenoi RP, Timm N; Committee on Drugs; Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine. Drugs Used to Treat Pediatric Emergencies. Pediatrics. 2020;145(1):e20193450. doi:10.1542/peds.2019-3450 [PubMed 31871244]
  2. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/GINA-2020-full-report_-final-_wms.pdf. Updated 2020. Accessed 19 April 2024.

Methadone

  1. Cree, Michele L et al. “Adherence to Standard Medication Infusion Concentrations and Its Impact on Paediatric Intensive Care Patient Outcomes.” Australian critical care 31.4 (2018): 213–217. Web.

Metoprolol

1. Liesemer, & Mullen, N. (2009). Hypertensive Emergency Successfully Treated With Metoprolol: A Case Report. Pediatric Emergency Care, 25(5), 333–335. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0b013e3181a3481

2. Saqan, Rola, and Hanan Thiabat. “Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Metoprolol Infusion for Children and Adolescents with Hypertensive Crises: a Retrospective Case Series.” Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, West) 32.11 (2017): 2107–2113.

3.  Bertazza Partigiani, Nicola et al. “Management of Hypertensive Crises in Children: A Review of the Recent Literature.” Frontiers in pediatrics 10 (2022): 880678–880678. Web.

Nirsevimab

  1. Australian technical advisory group on immunisation (ATAGI) clinical advice: Statement on the use of nirsevimab for prevention of severe disease due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants. https://www.health.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-03/atagi-statement-on-nirsevimab-2024.pdf. Issue date: 26 March 2024.

Omeprazole

  1. Sachar H, Vaidya K, Laine L. Intermittent vs continuous proton pump inhibitor therapy for high-risk bleeding ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 2014;174(11):1755-62. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25201154

Palivizumab

  1. Boeckh M et al; “Phase I Evaluation of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Specific Monoclonal Antibody Palivizumab in Recipients of Haematopoietic Stem cell Transplants” Journal of Infectious diseases 2001; 184:350-4
  2. Siva Subramanian, K N et al. “Safety, Tolerance and Pharmacokinetics of a Humanized Monoclonal Antibody to Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Premature Infants and Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.” The Pediatric infectious disease journal 17.2 (1998): 110–115. Web.
  3. Sáez-Llorens, Xavier et al. “Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Palivizumab Therapy in Children Hospitalized with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.” The Pediatric infectious disease journal 23.8 (2004): 707–712. Web.

Paracetamol

  1. Chiew AL, Reith DM, Pomerleau AC, Wong A, Isoardi KZ, Soderstrom J, Buckley NA. Updated guidelines for the management of paracetamol poisoning in Australia and New Zealand. Med J Aust 2019; doi: 10.5694/mja2.50428.
  2. Wong A & Graudins A. N-acetylcysteine regimens for paracetamol overdose: Time for change? Emerg Med Australas, 2016; 28: 749-51.
  3. McNulty R et al. Fewer adverse effects with a modified two-bag acetylcysteine protocol in paracetamol overdose. Clinical Toxicology, 2018; 56(7): 618-621.

Parecoxib

  1. Hullett, J., et al. “Development of a Population Pharmacokinetic Model for Parecoxib and Its Active Metabolite Valdecoxib after Parenteral Parecoxib Administration in Children.” Anesthesiology, vol. 116, no. 5, © 2012 American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc., May 2012, pp. 1124–33, doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31825154ef.
  2. Tan, Lena, et al. “Pharmacokinetics and Analgesic Effectiveness of Intravenous Parecoxib for Tonsillectomy ± Adenoidectomy.” Pediatric Anesthesia, vol. 26, no. 12, Dec. 2016, pp. 1126–35, doi:10.1111/pan.13009.

Rasburicase

  1. S Jeha, H Kantarjian, D Irwin, V Shen, S Shenoy, S Blaney, … C-H Pui. (2004). Efficacy and safety of rasburicase, a recombinant urate oxidase (ElitekTM), in the management of malignancy-associated hyperuricemia in pediatric and adult patients: final results of a multicenter compassionate use trial. Leukemia, 19(1), 34–38. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.leu.2403566

Sodium phenylbutyrate

  1. William, B., Hannah, B., & Daniela, M. (2018). P20 Stability study of a mixed system of sodium benzoate and sodium phenylbutyrate in intravenous (iv) infusion fluids. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 103, e1 - e1.

Sotalol

  1. Borquez, Alejandro A. “Intravenous Sotalol in the Young; Safe and Effective Treatment With Standardized Protocols.(Report).” JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology 6.4 (2020): 425–432. Web.
  2. Li, Xiaomei et al. “Pediatric Dosing of Intravenous Sotalol Based on Body Surface Area in Patients with Arrhythmia.” Pediatric cardiology vol. 38,7 (2017): 1450-1455. doi:10.1007/s00246-017-1683-9
  3. Valdés, Santiago O. “Early Experience with Intravenous Sotalol in Children with and Without Congenital Heart Disease.” Heart Rhythm, vol. 15, no. 12, Elsevier Inc, Dec. 2018, pp. 1862–69, doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.07.010.

Tetrasocatide

  1. Synacthen IM/IV (250 micrograms/mL). New Zealand Datasheet. Auckland, NZ:Clinect NZ Pty Limited . Approved 08/07/2015. Updated 2/07/2020. Available at: https://www.medsafe.govt.nz/Profs/Datasheet/s/synactheninj.pdf. Accessed 12/01/2021.

Ticarcillin with clavulante

1. Zobell, Jeffery T, Christina Ferdinand, and David C Young. “Continuous Infusion Meropenem and Ticarcillin-Clavulanate in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients.” Pediatric pulmonology 49.3 (2014): 302–306. Web.

Tirofiban

  1. Emani S, Pereira LM, Piekarski BL, Diallo F, Chu E, Wesley MC, Thiagarajan R, Emani SM. Platelet Inhibition With IV Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitor to Prevent Thrombosis in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Aortopulmonary Shunting. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2020 Jun;21(6):e354-e361. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000002292. PMID: 32168298.

Tobramycin

  1. Spencer S, Ipema H, Hartke P, Krueger C, Rodriguez R, Gross AE, et al. Intravenous Push Administration of Antibiotics: Literature and Considerations. Hospital pharmacy. 2018;53(3):157-69.
  2. Loewenthal MR, Dobson PM. Tobramycin and gentamicin can safely be given by slow push. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010;65(9):2049-50.

Valproate sodium

  1. Chamberlain JM, Kapur J, Shinnar S, Elm J, Holsti M, Babcock, L, et al. Efficacy of levetiracetam, fosphenytoin, and valproate for established status epilepticus by age group (ESETT): a double-blind responsive-adaptive, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2020; 395: 1217-24.

Vancomycin

  1. Girand HL. Antibiotic lock therapy for treatment of catheter-related bloodstream infections. Post TW, ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. http://www.uptodate.com.acs.hcn.com.au. Accessed 27 March 2023.
  2. Hurst AL, Baumgartner C, MacBrayne CE, Child J. Experience with continuous infusion vancomycin dosing in a large pediatric hospital. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2019;8(2):174-179. doi:10.1093/jpids/piy032 [PubMed 29718415]
  3. Gilliot, S., Boukhris, M.R., Masse, M. et al. Case report: risk of skin necrosis related to injectable vancomycin in critically ill newborn infants. BMC Pediatr 21, 343 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02824-8